Wetlands are among the most valuable and sensitive natural ecosystems that play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance, water resource sustainability, and supporting biodiversity. These ecosystems provide valuable environmental services to humans with features such as regulating the water cycle, natural filtration, carbon storage, oxygen production, groundwater recharge, and supporting rare species. In addition, wetlands are a source of food, income, and employment for millions of people around the world, especially in local communities. Despite this importance, wetlands are exposed to numerous threats. The results of studies on Hamoun Wetland show that factors such as reduced water inflow from border rivers, construction and operation of internal and external dams, successive droughts, excessive extraction of natural resources, climate change, and weakness in integrated management are among the most important pressures on this wetland. These pressures have led to a sharp decline in biodiversity, drying up of habitats, destruction of traditional occupations, rural migration, increased dust, and threats to food security in the region. The conservation and restoration of wetlands requires knowledge-based policymaking, participation of local communities, and coordinated and sustainable management of natural resources.