Green Social Theories

Document Type : Review

Authors

1 Department of Demography, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran,

2 Department of Natural Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran

Abstract

Today, with the rise of environmental issues such as the energy crisis, depletion and degradation of territorial resources, and increased waste generated by urbanization and industrial development, human impact on the environment has also become a focus for researchers. This is because many of these problems are seen as direct or indirect consequences of human behavior. The expansion of environmental threats has not only brought ecological issues—long neglected by traditional international relations theories—into the mainstream of international relations discourse, but also the fluid and multidimensional nature of these issues has led different international relations theories to adopt distinct orientations toward them and their impact on relations between states and nations. This study relies on the descriptive content analysis research method, with data collected through documentary (library-based) sources. The findings indicate that, whereas in the past—under the influence of traditional theoretical approaches in international relations and the state-centric development of the concept of security—environmental issues were treated as an abstract whole in international relations, fundamental changes in global politics have led to the recognition of the environment and its unpredictable and profound consequences as one of the core subjects of international relations.

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Zist Sepehr Student Magazine
Volume 18, Issue 3
December 2025
Pages 28-38

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